Mozaik Islam

Meaning of the Word Maseeh (Messiah)

There are over fifty scholarly comments on the meaning of the word Maseeh (Messiah). They said that this word is applied both to the Truthful One [True Messiah, i.e., ‘Eesa (Jesus)] and to the misleading liar [the “antichrist” or Dajjaal]. The Messiah is the Truthful One, ‘Eesa ibn Maryam (Jesus the son of Mary), the Messiah of guidance, who healed those who were born blind and lepers, and brought the dead to life by Allah’s Leave. The false messiah (al-maseeh al-dajjaal) is the liar who leads people astray, the messiah of misguidance who will tempt people by means of the signs that he is given, such as bringing down rain, reviving the earth to bring forth vegetation, and other “miracles.”

So Allah has created two messiahs, who are opposites of one another. The scholars said that the reason why the Dajjaal is called maseeh (a “messiah”) is because one of his eyes is mamsooh (lit. “wiped”; smooth or abraded, i.e., he will be blind or defective in one eye). Or it was said that it is because he will survey or travel throughout the earth (yamsah) in forty days… The former view is more correct, because of what was said in the hadeeth narrated by Muslim (no. 5221) from Anas ibn Maalik, who said: “The Messenger of Allah () said: ‘The Dajjaal will be blind ( mamsooh) in one eye, and between his eyes will be written ‘kaafir’…'”.

Meaning of the Word Dajjaal

The word Dajjaal is taken from the expression “Dajala al-ba’eer (he smeared the camel)”, referring to when they covered it with tar. The root dajala means to mix. The word dajala is used to mean deliberately confusing matters and being vague and ambiguous, The Dajjaal is the one who speaks in vagaries, who tells many lies and deceives many people. The word “Dajjaal” became a title given to the lying, one-eyed, false messiah. The Dajjaal is so called because he will conceal his kufr from the people by lying to them, deceiving them and confusing them.

Description of the Dajjaal, and the Ahaadeeth Narrated Concerning Him

The Dajjaal will be a man from among the sons of Adam. He will have many attributes which were described in the ahaadeeth to acquaint people with him and to warn them of his evil. So when he comes, the believers will know him and will not be misled by him. They will know his features which the Truthful One (the Prophet) () has told us about. These features will distinguish him from other people, so that no one will be deceived by him except those who are ignorant and whose doom has already been decreed. We ask Allah to keep us safe and sound.

Among these attributes are: He will be a young man with a ruddy complexion, short, with thick curly hair, a wide forehead, and broad upper chest, blind or defective (mamsooh) in the right eye. This eye will be neither prominent nor sunken, and will look like a floating grape. His left eye will be covered with a thick piece of flesh growing at the edge of his eye. Written between his eyes will be “Kaaf faa’ raa’ (ك,ف,ر) (K-F-R)”, in separate (Arabic) letters, or “kaafir (كافر)”, with the letters joined. This will be read by every Muslim, literate or illiterate. Another of his characteristics will be that he will be sterile, with no children born to him. The following are some of the saheeh ahaadeeth in which the above attributes are mentioned. These ahaadeeth form part of the evidence (daleel) concerning the emergence of the Dajjaal: From ‘Abd-Allah ibn ‘Umar, who said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

‘Whilst I was sleeping, I Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam myself performing Tawaaf around the Ka’bah, when I Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam a dark man with straight hair, standing between two other men, with water dripping from his head. I asked: “Who is this?” They said: “The son of Maryam.” Then I turned and Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam a ruddy-complexioned man, well built, with curly hair, blind in his right eye, with his eye looking like a floating grape. I asked: “Who is this?” They said: “This is the Dajjaal.” The person who looks most like him is Ibnu Qatan.'” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, no. 6508; Ibn Qatan was a man from Banu Mustalaq from Khuzaa’ah).

It was also narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Messenger of Allah () mentioned the Dajjaal to the people and said:

“Allah is not one-eyed, but the false messiah (al-maseeh al-dajjaal) is one-eyed, blind or defective in his right eye, with his eye looking like a floating grape…” (narrated by al-Bukhaari, no. 3184).

In the lengthy hadeeth narrated by al-Nawwaas ibn Sam’aan it says:

“The Messenger of Allah () mentioned the Dajjaal one morning. Sometimes he described him as insignificant and sometimes he described him as so significant that we thought that he was in the cluster of date-palm trees…”

One of the features of the Dajjaal that he described was:

“He will be a young man with very curly hair, with his eye floating. It is as if he looks like ‘Abd al-‘Uzza ibn Qatan.” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 5228)

It was narrated from ‘Ubaadah ibn al-Saamit that the Messenger of Allah () said:

“I have told you so much about the Dajjaal that I fear you will not understand. The Dajjaal will be a short man, pigeon-toed, with curly hair. He will be one-eyed, with his eye neither prominent nor sunken. If you become confused about him, then remember that your Lord is not one-eyed.” (Narrated by Abu Dawood, no. 3763. This hadeeth is saheeh – Saheeh al-Jaami’ al-Sagheer, no. 2455).

Abu Hurayrah said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

‘… as for the false messiah, he will be one-eyed, with a wide forehead and broad upper chest, and he will be hunchbacked…'” (Narrated by Ahmad, no. 7564).

Hudhayfah said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

‘The Dajjaal will be one-eyed, blind or defective in his left eye, with thick hair. He will have with him a paradise and a hell, but his hell will be a paradise and his paradise will be a hell.'” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 5222).

According to the hadeeth of Anas, the Prophet () said:

“No Prophet was sent but he warned his people about the one-eyed liar. He is one-eyed, but your Lord is not one-eyed, and between his eyes will be written ‘kaafir.'” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, no. 6598).

According to another report:

“Written between his eyes will be ‘kaaf faa’ raa’.'” (Muslim, no. 5219)

According to a report narrated by Hudhayfah,

“This will be read by every believer, literate or illiterate.” (Muslim, no. 5223).

From the apparent meaning, this writing will be real, and the fact that some will see it whilst others will not, and that illiterate people will read it, is not problematic.

“This is because Allah causes people to understand something when looking at it, as He wills and when He wills. So the believer will see this with his insight, even if he is illiterate, and the kaafir will not be able to see it, even if he is literate. By the same token, the believer will see with his insight evidence that the kaafir will not see. Allah will enable the believer to understand without him being literate, because at that time, extraordinary things will be happening.” (Fath al-Baari by Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqallaani, 13/100)

Al-Nawawi said:

“The correct view according to those who studied this issue is that this writing should be taken literally, as being real writing which Allah will create as a sign, one of the definitive proofs that (the Dajjaal) is a kaafir and a liar, to expose his falsehood. Allah will show this sign to every Muslim, literate or illiterate, and will conceal it from everyone whom He decrees is doomed or whom He wants to test. There is no reason why this should be impossible.” (Sharh al-Nawawi li Saheeh Muslim, 18/60).

Another of his attributes was mentioned in the hadeeth of Faatimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her), in the story of al-Jassaasah, in which Tameem al-Daari said:

“So we rushed to the monastery, where we Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam the most enormous man we had ever seen, fettered with the most chains we had ever seen.” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 5235).

‘Imraan ibn Husayn said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah () say:

‘From the time of the creation of Adam until the Hour begins, there will never be a bigger creation than the Dajjaal.'” (Narrated by Muslim, 5239).

The Dajjaal will not have any children, as stated in the hadeeth of Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri, who described what happened between him and Ibn Sayyaad, who said to him:

“Did you not hear the Messenger of Allah () say that he will have no children?…” Abu Sa’eed said, ‘I said: ‘Yes…'” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 5209).

From the reports quoted above, we may note that some of them describe his right eye as being blind or defective, and some describe his left eye as being blind or defective. Both accounts are saheeh. Some of the scholars sought to reconcile these reports. Al-Qaadi ‘Iyaad said: “Both eyes of the Dajjaal will be defective, because all the reports are saheeh. His right eye will be the one that is abraded (mamsooh) and dull, unable to see, as stated in the hadeeth of Ibn ‘Umar. And his left eye will be the one that is covered with a thick fold of skin, and will also be defective.” So he will have a defect in both his right eye and his left eye; each of them will be blind, i.e., defective, because the Arabic word used in the hadeeth, a’war, is used to describe anything that is defective and is especially used to describe the eyes if they are impaired. One eye will be non-functional and the other will be defective.” Al-Nawawi agreed with this reconciliation suggested by al-Qaadi ‘Iyaad, and al-Qurtubi also approved of it.

Where the Dajjaal will Emerge

The Dajjaal will emerge from the direction of the east, from Khurasaan, from among the Jews of Isfahaan. Then he will travel throughout the earth and will leave no city without entering it, apart from Makkah and Madeenah, which he will not be able to enter because the angels are guarding them. According to the hadeeth of Faatimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her), the Prophet () said concerning the Dajjaal:

“He will (emerge) from the direction of the Syrian sea or from the direction of the Yemeni sea… No, rather from the east…” – and he pointed towards the east. (Narrated by Muslim, no. 5228).

Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq said: “The Messenger of Allah () told us:

“The Dajjaal will emerge from a land in the east called Khurasaan.” (Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, no. 2163. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani, Saheeh al-Jaami’ al-Sagheer, hadeeth 3398).

Anas said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

‘The Dajjaal will emerge from among the Jews of Isfahaan, and with him will be seventy thousand Jews, wearing crowns.'” (Narrated by Ahmad, no. 12865).

Places that the Dajjaal will Never Enter

It is forbidden for the Dajjaal to enter Makkah or Madeenah when he emerges at the end of time, because of the saheeh ahaadeeth narrated to that effect. As far as other places are concerned, he will enter them one after another. In the hadeeth of Faatimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her), it says:

“(He will say): ‘I almost have permission to emerge. Then I will emerge and will travel throughout the earth for forty days, and I shall not leave any town without entering it, apart from Makkah and Madeenah, which I will be prevented from entering because every time I try to enter, there will be an angel with an unsheathed sword in his hand, preventing me from entering. On every gate there will be angels defending them.'” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 5228)

It was also reported that the Dajjaal will not enter the mosque of Sinai, or Masjid al-Aqsaa (at Jerusalem). Imaam Ahmad (no. 22572) narrated that Junaadah ibn Umayyah al-Azdi said: “I came to a man from among the Companions of the Prophet () and said to him: ‘Tell me a hadeeth that you heard from the Messenger of Allah () about the Dajjaal.’ He mentioned the hadeeth, and said,

‘He will stay among you for forty days, during which he will go to every place (on the earth) apart from four mosques: Masjid al-Haraam (in Makkah), the mosque of Madeenah, the (mosque of) Sinai and Masjid al-Aqsaa.'”

The Followers of the Dajjaal

Most of the followers of the Dajjaal will be from among the Jews, Persians and Turks, and a mixture of other people, mostly Bedouins and women. Imaam Muslim narrated in his Saheeh (5237) from Anas ibn Maalik that the Messenger of Allah () said:

“The followers of the Dajjaal from among the Jews of Isfahaan will number seventy thousand, wearing heavy, striped garments.” According to a report narrated by Imaam Ahmad, “Seventy thousand Jews, wearing crowns.” (hadeeth no. 12865).

According to the hadeeth of Abu Bakr referred to above: “He will be followed by people with faces like burnished shields.” (Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, no. 2136).

With regard to the Bedouin being followers of the Dajjaal, this is because many of them are ignorant. With regard to women, this is because they are easily swayed, and because many of them are ignorant.

It was reported that Ibn ‘Umar said: the Prophet () said:

“The Dajjaal will come to this pond in Marriqanaat – a valley in Madeenah – and most of those who go out to him will be women, until a man will come to his mother in law, his mother, his daughter, his sister and his aunt, and will tie them up strongly for fear that they will go out to him.” (Narrated by Ahmad, no. 5099)

The Fitnah of the Dajjaal

The fitnah of the Dajjaal will be the greatest fitnah from the time Allah created Adam until the Hour begins. This will be because of the mighty miracles that Allah will create with him, which will dazzle people’s minds and amaze them. It was reported that he will have a paradise and a hell with him, but his paradise will be his hell and his hell will be his paradise. He will have rivers of water and mountains of bread. He will command the sky to send down rain, and it will rain, and he will command the earth to bring forth vegetation and it will do so. The treasures of the earth will follow him, and he will travel rapidly, like clouds driven by the wind. And he will do other extraordinary feats. All of that was mentioned in the saheeh ahaadeeth. Imaam Muslim narrated in his Saheeh that Hudhayfah said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

‘The Dajjaal will be one-eyed, blind in his left eye, and will have thick hair. He will have a paradise and a hell with him, but his paradise will be a hell and his hell will be a paradise.'” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 5222)

Muslim also narrated that Hudhayfah said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

‘I know what the Dajjaal will bring with him: he will have two rivers flowing. One will clearly look like water and the other will clearly look like blazing fire. If any one of you sees that, let him choose the river which looks like fire, then let him close his eyes and lower his head and drink from it, for it will be cool water.'” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 5223)

In the hadeeth of al-Nawwaas ibn Sam’aan about the Dajjaal, it is reported that the Sahaabah said:

“O Messenger of Allah, how long will he stay on the earth?” He said, “Forty days: one day like a year, one day like a month, one day like a week, and the rest of the days like your days.”… They said, “How fast will he travel through the earth? “He said: “Like the clouds when they are driven by the wind. He will come to some people and call them, and they will believe in him and respond to him. Then he will command the sky to rain, and the earth to bring forth vegetation, and their cattle will come back to them in the evening, with their humps very high, and their udders full of milk, and their flanks stretched. Then he will come to another people and will call them, but they will reject him. So he will leave them and they will be stricken with famine, with none of their wealth in their hands. He will pass by ruins and will say: ‘Bring forth your treasure!’ – and the treasure will follow him like a swarm of bees. Then he will call a man who is brimming with youth, and will strike him with a sword and cut him in two, then (he will put the pieces apart from one another) the distance of an archer from his target. Then he will call him, and the young man will come forward smiling, with his face shining.” (narrated by Muslim, 5228)

Al-Bukhaari narrated from Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri that this man whom the Dajjaal will kill will be one of the best people, who will go out to the Dajjaal from the city of the Messenger of Allah (), and will say to the Dajjaal:

“I bear witness that you are the Dajjaal of whom the Messenger of Allah () told us. “The Dajjaal will say (to the people): “What do you think – if I kill this man then bring him back to life, will you have any doubts?” They will say: “No.” So he will kill him, then bring him back to life. Then he (the believing man) will say, “By Allah, I have never been more sure about you than I am today.” The Dajjaal will want to kill him but will not be permitted to. (al-Bukhaari, no. 6599)

According to the hadeeth of Umaamah al-Baahili, the Prophet () said of the Dajjaal:

“Part of his fitnah will be that he will say to a Bedouin: ‘Do you think that if I resurrect your father and mother for you that you will testify that I am your lord?’ He will say: ‘Yes.’ So two devils will appear to him in the image of his father and mother, saying: ‘O my son, follow him for he is your lord.'” (Narrated by Ibn Maajah, no. 4067. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani, Saheeh al-Jaami’ al-Sagheer, hadeeth 7752).

Protection Against the Fitnah of the Dajjaal

The Prophet (p) has taught his ummah about that which will protect them against the fitnah of the false messiah (al-maseeh al-dajjaal). He left his ummah on a path that is clear, and no one deviates from it except the one who is doomed. He did not leave any good thing without pointing it out to his ummah, or any evil thing without warning them against it. Among the things which he warned us against was the fitnah of the Dajjaal, because it is the greatest fitnah which the ummah will face until the Hour comes. Every Prophet warned his ummah against the one-eyed Dajjaal, but Muhammad () was the only Prophet who warned his ummah more about him. Allah told him many of the attributes of the Dajjaal so that he could warn his ummah. The Dajjaal will undoubtedly emerge among this ummah, because it is the last ummah, and Muhammad () is the Seal of the Prophets. The following are some of the Prophetic guidelines which the Chosen Prophet () set out for his ummah so that it may be protected against this mighty fitnah, from which we ask Allah to save us and grant us refuge:

1. Adhering to Islam, having the right faith and learning the Names and Most Beautiful Attributes of Allah which are not shared by anyone else. One should know that the Dajjaal will be a human being who will eat and drink, and that Allah is far above that; the Dajjaal will be one-eyed but Allah is not one-eyed; no one can see his Lord until he dies, but the Dajjaal will be seen by all people, believers and kaafirs alike, when he emerges.
2. Seeking refuge with Allah from the fitnah of the Dajjaal, especially in salaah (prayer). This has been narrated in the saheeh ahaadeeth, such as that narrated from Umm al-Mu’mineen ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (), who said that the Messenger of Allah () used to pray in his salaah:

   “Allahumma inni a’oodhu bika min ‘adhaab al-qabri, wa a’oodhu bika min fitnat il-maseeh il-dajjaal, wa a’oodhu bika min fitnat il-mahyaa wa fitnat il-mamaat. Allahumma inni a’oodhu bika min al-ma’tham wa’l-maghram (O Allah, I seek refuge with You from the torment of the grave, I seek refuge with You from the fitnah of the Dajjaal, and I seek refuge with You from the trials of life and death. O Allah, I seek refuge with You from sin and debt).” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, no. 789)

   Muslim narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

   ‘When any one of you says Tashahhud, let him seek refuge with Allah from four things, and say: “Allahumma inni a’oodhi bika min ‘adhaab jahannam wa min ‘adhaab al-qabri wa min fitnat il-mahyaa wa’l-mamaat wa min sharri fitnat al-maseeh al-dajjaal (O Allah, I seek refuge with You from the torment of Hell, from the torment of the grave, from the trials of life and death, and from the evil of the fitnah of the Dajjaal).”‘” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 924)

3. Memorizing aayaat from Soorat al-Kahf. The Prophet () commanded us to recite the opening verses of Soorat al-Kahf against the Dajjaal. According to some reports, the final verses of this soorah were mentioned. This means reciting the first ten verses or the last ten. Among the ahaadeeth narrated concerning this was the lengthy hadeeth narrated by Muslim from al-Nawwaas ibn Sam’aan, in which it says:

   “Whoever among you sees him (the Dajjaal), let him recite against him the opening verses of Soorat al-Kahf.” (Hadeeth 5228).

   Muslim (no. 1342) narrated from Abu’l-Dardaa’ that the Prophet () said:

   “Whoever memorizes ten aayaat from the beginning of Soorat al-Kahf will be protected from the Dajjaal” – i.e., from his fitnah. Muslim said: “Shu’bah said, ‘from the end of al-Kahf.’ Hammaam said, ‘from the beginning of al-Kahf.'”

   Al-Nawawi (Sharh Saheeh Muslim, 6/93) said:

   “The reason for this is because at the beginning of (this soorah), mention is made of wonders and signs, and whoever ponders them will not be deceived by the fitnah of the Dajjaal. And at the end of this soorah, Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):

   ‘Do then those who disbelieve think that they can take My slaves as awliyaa’ (lords etc.) besides Me?’ [al-Kahf 18:102].”

   This is one of the special features of Soorat al-Kahf. There are ahaadeeth which encourage reading it, especially on Fridays.

   Al-Haakim narrated from Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri that the Prophet () said:

   “Whoever recites Soorat al-Kahf on Friday, it will be a light for him from one Friday to the next.” (al-Mustadrak, 2/368. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani, Saheeh al-Jaami’ al-Sagheer, hadeeth 6346)

   Undoubtedly Soorat al-Kahf is of great significance, containing great aayaat, such as the story of the People of the Cave, the story of Moosa and al-Khidr, the story of Dhu’l-Qarnayn and his building the dam to hold back Ya’jooj and Ma’jooj, proof of the resurrection and the blowing of the Trumpet, and explanation of those whose deeds are most lost, who are those who think that they are guided when in fact they are misguided and blind. Every Muslim should strive to read this soorah, and to memorize it and read it repeatedly, especially on the best day on which the sun rises, namely Friday.

4. Fleeing from the Dajjaal and keeping far away from him. The best way is to live in Makkah or Madeenah, and the places which the Dajjaal will not enter. When the Dajjaal emerges, Muslims should keep far away from him, because of the confusion he will cause and the mighty wonders that he will have with him, which Allah will cause to happen at his hands in order to test mankind. A man will come to him, thinking that he is a strong believer, then he will follow the Dajjaal. We ask Allah to grant us and all the Muslims refuge from his fitnah.

   Imaam Ahmad (19118), Abu Dawood (3762) and al-Haakim (4/31) narrated from ‘Imraan ibn Husayn that the Prophet () said:

   “Whoever hears of the Dajjaal, let him keep far away from him, for a man will come to him and think that he is telling the truth because of the wonders that are sent with him.”

   The Death of the Dajjaal

The Dajjaal will die at the hands of the Messiah ‘Eesa ibn Maryam (), as is indicated by the saheeh ahaadeeth. The Dajjaal will appear on earth and will gain many followers, spreading his fitnah far and wide. No one will escape his fitnah except a few of the believers. At that point, ‘Eesa ibn Maryam () will descend to the eastern minaret in Damascus, and the believing slaves of Allah will gather around him. He will lead them towards the Dajjaal, who at the time of the descent of ‘Eesa () will be heading for Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem). ‘Eesa will catch up with him at the gate of Ludd (Lod), a place in Palestine near Bayt al-Maqdis. When the Dajjaal sees him, he will start to melt like salt melting in water, but ‘Eesa () will say to him: “I have some business with you, you will not get away from me.” Then he will catch up with him and will kill him with his spear. His followers will flee, pursued by the Muslims, who will kill them, and trees and rocks will say: ‘O Muslim, O slave of Allah, there is Jew behind me – come and kill him!” – apart from the Gharqad (box thorn), for it is one of the trees of the Jews.

The following are some of the ahaadeeth narrated about the death of the Dajjaal and his followers: Muslim (no. 5233) narrated that ‘Abd-Allah ibn ‘Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

‘The Dajjaal will emerge among my ummah and will stay for forty… Then Allah will send ‘Eesa ibn Maryam, who looks like ‘Urwah ibn Mas’ood, and he will pursue him and kill him.“

Imaam Ahmad (no. 14920) and al-Tirmidhi (no. 2170) narrated that Majma’ ibn Jaariyah al-Ansaari said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah () say:

‘The son of Maryam will kill the Dajjaal at the gate of Ludd.”

Muslim (no. 5228) narrated a lengthy hadeeth from al-Nawwaas ibn Sam’aan about the Dajjaal, in which the story of the descent of ‘Eesa and his killing the Dajjaal are mentioned. In this hadeeth the Prophet () said:

“… Every kaafir who will smell the fragrance of (‘Eesa) will die, and his fragrance will reach as far as he will be able to see. He will then search for him (the Dajjaal) until he catches up with him at the gate of Ludd, where he will kill him.”

Imaam Ahmad narrated that Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allah said: “The Messenger of Allah () said:

‘The Dajjaal will emerge at a time when religious commitment is low and knowledge has decreased… Then ‘Eesa ibn Maryam will descend just before dawn and will call people, saying: ‘O people, what is stopping you from coming out against this evil liar?’ They will say: ‘This man is a jinn’. Then they will set out. When they reach ‘Eesa ibn Maryam, the time for prayer will come the iqqamah will be given, and it will be said to him: ‘Go forward (to lead the prayer), O Spirit of Allah.’ He will say: ‘Let your imaam go forward and lead you in prayer.’ When they have prayed Fajr, they will go out to meet him (the Dajjaal) and when they see the liar, he will start to dissolve like salt in water. ‘Eesa will go to him and kill him. Even the trees and rocks will call out: ‘O Spirit of Allah, here is a Jew!’ And none of those who followed him will be left, they will all be killed.” (Hadeeth no. 14426).

When he (may Allah curse him) is killed, his great fitnah will come to an end. Allah will save those who believed from his evil and from the evil of his followers, at the hands of the Spirit and Word of Allah, ‘Eesa ibn Maryam () and his believing followers. Praise and Blessings be to Allah.

Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid

Alhamdulillah, salawat & salam semoga terlimpahkan kpd Nabi Muhammad, keluarga, & sahabatnya.

Saudaraku, mungkin Anda merasa segan utk terjun ke dunia bisnis. Banyak alasan yg mendasari keseganan Anda ini, di antaranya ialah karena faktor modal.

Saudaraku, besarkan harapan & tdk perlu berkecil hati! Betapa byk pengusaha sukses yg merintis kesuksesannya dari titik nol. Bila Anda bertanya kpd mereka, “Apa modal awal bisnis Anda?” Mereka hanya bisa menggelengkan kepala, sbg ungkapan bahwa pd awalnya mereka tdk memiliki modal sepeser pun. Lalu, apa yg menjadikan mereka berani terjun ke dunia bisnis?

Ketauhilah, Saudaraku. Seringkali, yg menjadikan mereka bernyali besar sehingga menekuni dunia bisnis hanyalah kepercayaan diri. Mereka percaya bahwa mereka memiliki kemampuan & merasa yakin bisa mendapatkan kepercayaan. Bila demikian adanya, maka apa yg menjadikan Anda segan utk turut menekuni dunia bisnis? Bukankah Anda meyakini bahwa bisnis–alias perniagaan–adalah salah satu ladang rezeki yg terbaik? “Dari sahabat Rafi’ bin Khadij, ia menuturkan, ‘Dikatakan (kepada Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam), ‘Wahai Rasulullah, penghasilan apa yg paling baik?’ Beliau menjawab, ‘Hasil karya seseorang dgn tangannya sendiri & setiap perniagaan yg baik.”” (Hadis Riwayat: Ahmad, Ath-Thabrani, & Al-Hakim; oleh Syeikh Al-Albani dinyatakan sbg hadis sahih)

Saudaraku, byk celah usaha terbuka lebar di depan Anda! Salah satunya ialah menjadi perantara–alias moderator–atau lbh akrab disebut “makelar“.

Saudaraku, bila Anda telah menemukan celah ini & Anda merasa cocok utk memasukinya, maka alangkah baiknya bila terlebih dahulu mengetahui cara syariat agama memberi bantuan bagi Anda.

Jujur

Kejujuran adl kepribadian yg seyogianya mendasari setiap aktivitas seorang muslim. Sahabat Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqas berkata, “Seorang muslim itu bisa saja memiliki tabiat pengkhianat & pendusta.” (Hadis Riwayat: Al-Baihaqi)

Dalam dunia percaloan, betapa sering kita mendapatkan saudara-saudara kita melanggar prinsip ini. Ada yg mengaku sbg pemilik barang, sehingga ia bernegosiasi dgn calon pembeli. Padahal, pemilik barang sesungguhnya tdk pernah memberi wewenang utk mengadakan negosiasi atau akad penjualan. Ia hanya mendapatkan kepercayaan mencarikan calon pembeli atau calon penjual.

Di antara sikap mediator, yg nyata merusak kepribadiannya sbg muslim, ialah menyalahi ketentuan harga jual yg diamanahkan kepadanya. Menaikkan harga jual tanpa persetujuan dari pemilik barang demi mengambil selisih harga jual lbh tinggi dari yg dijanjikan pemilik barang. Bisa saja, barang yg diamanahkan kepadanya itu tdk laku jual atau paling kurang tepat menemukan pembeli.

Pada sesuatu hari, sahabat Hakim bin Hizam–seorang pengusaha–bertanya kpd Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam tentang permasalahan yg sering dihadapinya, “Wahai Rasulullah, sebagian orang mendatangiku ingin membeli sesuatu yg tidak/belum aku miliki. Ia menginginkan agar aku terlebih dahulu membeli barang yg ia inginkan dari pasar, lalu aku menjualnya kembali kepadanya.” Rasulullah menjawab, “Janganlah engkau menjual sesuatu yg tdk engkau miliki.”(Hadis Riwayat: Ahmad, Abu Daud, At-Tirmidzi, An-Nasa’i, & Ibnu Majah)

Perjelas hak Anda

Saudaraku, syariat Islam mengajarkan agar kita senantiasa menghormati kepemilikan hak-hak saudara kita. Oleh karena itu, penuhi prinsip perniagaan, mulai dari kejelasan status, hak, hingga kewajiban. Memperjelas hak & kewajiban, sejak awal akad, menjadikan Anda tenang & menjauhkan diri dari persengketaan. Ketahuilah, setiap akad atau transaksi, yg berpeluang menyulut persengketaan antara sesama muslim, biasanya diharamkan dalam Islam. Karenanya, sekali lagi, perjelaslah hak & kewajiban Anda sebelum melangkah lbh jauh.

Inilah yg mendasari sahabat Umar bin Al-Khatthab utk menyatakan, “Penentu hak adl persyaratan.” (Hadis Riwayat: Ibnu Abi Syaibah & Al-Baihaqi; oleh Al-Albani dinyatakan sbg riwayat yg sahih)

Ketahuilah, Saudaraku! Hak Anda sbg mediator hanyalah fee atau upah yg telah disepakati dgn pemberi amanah. Adapun selebihnya adl hak pemilik amanah, bukan milik Anda. Karenanya, Anda berkewajiban utk menghormati & tdk sepantasnya melanggar hak saudara Anda tanpa izin & keridhaan darinya.

“Tidaklah halal harta seorang muslim kecuali dgn dasar kerelaan jiwa darinya.” (Hadis Riwayat: Ahmad, Ad-Daraquthni, & Al-Baihaqi; oleh Al-Hafizh Ibnu Hajar & Al-Albani dinyatakan sbg hadis sahih)

Pendek kata, sebesar apa pun hak yg telah dijanjikan oleh pemilik amanah & telah Anda setujui, maka hanya itulah hak yg layak Anda tuntut & wajib ia berikan. “Kaum muslimin senantiasa memenuhi persyaratan mereka.” (Hadis Riwayat: Abu Daud, Al-Hakim, & Al-Baihaqi; oleh Al-Albani dinyatakan sbg hadis sahih)

Hindarilah khianat terselubung

Di dunia ini, byk orang bermuka dua; berkesan menolong atau belas kasihan, namun sesungguhnya menyimpan kebengisan. Karenanya, dalam dunia percaloan, Anda seringkali menemukan mediator yg terkesan berpihak kpd Anda, tapi tanpa Anda sadari–sebenarnya–ia sedang bersekongkol dgn penjual utk mengeruk harta Anda.

Misalnya, bila Si A memiliki toko bahan bangunan, yg biasanya menjual genting seharga Rp 1.000,00 (seribu rupiah) per genting, tetapi karena Konsumen B datang ke toko tersebut dgn dibawa oleh Si C yg berprofesi sbg tukang bangunan maka Si A menjual gentingnya kpd Si B seharga Rp 1.050,00 (seribu 5 puluh rupiah) per genting, dgn perhitungan: Rp 1.000,00 adl harga genting sebenarnya, & Rp 50,00 adl fee utk C yg telah berjasa membawa konsumen ke toko Si A.

Saudaraku, bila Anda telah menemukan celah ini & Anda merasa cocok utk memasukinya, maka alangkah baiknya bila terlebih dahulu Anda mengetahui tuntunan syariat agama bagi Anda.

Sudah barang tentu, ketika A menaikkan harga penjualan dari Rp 1.000,00 menjadi Rp 1.050,00 dgn perhitungan seperti di atas, tanpa sepengetahuan B. Pada kasus seperti ini B dirugikan, karena ia dibebani Rp 50,00 sbg fee utk C, tanpa ada kesepakatan terlebih dahulu. Padahal biasanya, si C telah mendapatkan fee dari si B yg setimpal atas jasanya memilihkan toko & barang yg dibeli.

Sikap seperti ini tentu bertentangan dgn firman Allah ta’ala,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تَأْكُلُواْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلاَّ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَن تَرَاضٍ مِّنكُمْ

“Wahai orang-orang yg beriman, janganlah kamu saling memakan harta sesamamu dgn jalan yg batil, kecuali dgn jalan perniagaan yg berlaku suka-sama-suka di antara kamu.” (Al Qur’an Surat: An-Nisa:29)

Juga bertentangan dgn sabda Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, “Tidak boleh melakukan tindakan yg dpt menimbulkan kerugian pd orang lain, juga tdk dibenarkan membalas dgn yg melebihi perbuatan. Barang siapa yg melakukan perbuatan yg merugikan orang lain, niscaya Allah timpakan kerugian kepadanya. Barang siapa yg melakukan perbuatan yg menyusahkan orang lain, niscaya Allah menimpakan kesusahan kepadanya.” (Hadis Riwayat: Al-Hakim & Al-Baihaqi)

Bila pemilik toko memberi fee kpd Si C tanpa menaikkan harga jual maka itu tdk salah. Atau, sebelumnya pemilik toko memberitahukan kpd pembeli bahwa harga genting ditambah fee yg akan deberikan kpd mediator, & ternyata pembeli mengizinkan, maka ini dibenarkan.

[Oleh: Ustadz Dr. Muhammad Arifin Badri. Sumber: www.pengusahamuslim.com ]

Assalaamu’alaikum wr. Wb.

Saya memiliki saudara laki-laki yg tdk sanggup berpuasa padahal umurnya baru 25 tahun. Setiap kali mencoba utk berpuasa maka dia akan langsung terlihat pucat, berkeringat dingin, & tampak lemah sekali sehingga kami menyuruhnya utk berbuka saja. Tetapi dia tdk mengidap sesuatu penyakit apapun. Lalu bagaimana dia harus mengganti puasanya itu?

Wassalamualaikum wr. Wb.

Jawaban

Assalamu ‘alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,

Yang pasti, saudara anda itu harus diperiksakan ke dokter. Biar kita dengar keterangan dari dokter tentang apa yg sesungguhnya dialami. Mengingat usianya baru 25 tahun, masih muda & seharusnya kuat berpuasa.

Bukankah anak-anak kita yg masih SD sekalipun, sejak kecil sudah kuat utk berpuasa? Lalu ada apa gerangan kok orang dewasa usia 25 tahun tdk kuat puasa? Pasti ada yg tdk beres.
Kita harus dpt keterangan dulu, sejak kapan dia mengalami hal itu. Apakah sejak kecil atau tiba-tiba saja. Apakah selama kecilnya tdk pernah berlatih puasa? Semua itu perlu diteliti secara seksama.

Kalau seandainya dokter sudah turun tangan, & memberikan keterangan pasti tentang penyebabnya, & ternyata dia mengalami sesuatu kelainan tertentu, bukan karena keinginan dirinya utk tdk puasa, maka barulah kita bisa mengambil tindakan hukum.

Mungkin nanti para ulama bisa mengqiyaskan kasusnya sama dgn orang tua bangka yg tdk mampu puasa. Dan hukumnya sudah ada, yaitu boleh tdk puasa & tdk perlu mengganti dgn puasa. Menggantinya cukup dgn membayar fidyah atas hari-hari yg ditinggalkannya. Sesuai dgn firman Allah SWT:

Dan bagi orang-orang yg tdk mampu berpuasa, hendaklah mereka membayar fidyah memberi makan orang miskin. (Al Qur’an Surat: Al-Baqarah: 184)

Sebagian dari para ulama juga telah memasukkan wanita hamil & menyusui ke dalam kelompok ini juga. Sehingga buat sbg ulama, cukup dgn membayar fidyah saja utk mengganti puasa.

Wallahu a’lam bishshawab, wassalamu ‘alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

Penulis: Ahmad Sarwat, Lc

Question:
How to obtain success and prosperity in this world and hereafter? What kind of success or prosperity that Islam wants the Ummah Islam gain in this world?

Answer:
Praise be to Allah.

Peace of mind, contentment, happiness and freedom from worries and anxiety… these are what everyone wants, and these are the ways in which people can have a good life and find complete happiness and joy. There are religious means of achieving that, and natural and practical means, but no one can combine all of them except the believers; although other people may achieve some of them, they will miss out on others.

There follows a summary of the means of achieving this aim for which everyone is striving. In some cases, those who achieve many of them will live a joyful life and a good life; in other cases, those who fail to achieve all of them will live a life of misery and hardship. And there are others which are in between, according to what the means he is able to attain.

These means include the following:

1. Faith and righteous deeds. This is the greatest and most fundamental of means. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “Whoever works righteousness – whether male or female – while he (or she) is a true believer (of Islamic Monotheism) verily, to him We will give a good life (in this world with respect, contentment and lawful provision), and We shall pay them certainly a reward in proportion to the best of what they used to do (i.e. Paradise in the Hereafter)” (Quran, 16:97)Allah tells us and promises us that whoever combines faith with righteous deeds will have a good life and a good reward in this world and in the Hereafter.

   The reason for that is clear: those who believe in Allah – with sincere faith that motivates them to do righteous deeds that change hearts and attitudes and guides them to the straight path in this world and the Hereafter – follow principles and guidelines by means of which they deal with everything that happens to them, be it the causes of happiness and excitement or the causes of anxiety, worry and grief.

   They deal with the things that they like by accepting them and giving thanks for them, and using them in good ways. When they deal with them in this manner, that creates in them a sense of excitement and the hope that it will continue and that they will be rewarded for their gratitude, which is more important than the good things that happen to them. And they deal with bad things, worries and distress by resisting those that they can resist, alleviating those that they can alleviate, and bearing with goodly patience those that they cannot avoid. Thus as a result of the bad things they gain a lot of benefits, experience, strength, patience and hope of reward, which are more important and which diminish the hardships they have undergone and replace them with happiness and hope for the bounty and reward of Allah.

   The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) expressed this in a saheeh hadeeth in which he said: “How wonderful is the situation of the believer, for all his affairs are good. If something good happens to him, he gives thanks for it and that is good for him; if something bad happens to him, he bears it with patience, and that is good for him. This does not apply to anyone but the believer.” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 2999).

   The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) told us that the believer is always gaining and the reward for his deeds is always multiplying, no matter what happens to him, good or bad.

2. Being kind to people in word and deed, and all kinds of doing good. This is one of the means of removing worry, distress and anxiety. By this means Allah wards off worries and distress from righteous and immoral like, but the believer has the greater share of that, and is distinguished by the fact that his kindness to others stems from sincerity and the hope of reward, so Allah makes it easy for him to be kind to others because of the hope that this will bring good things and ward off bad things, by means of his sincerity and hope of reward. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “There is no good in most of their secret talks save (in) him who orders Sadaqah (charity in Allah’s Cause), or Ma’roof (Islamic Monotheism and all the good and righteous deeds which Allah has ordained), or conciliation between mankind; and he who does this, seeking the good Pleasure of Allah, We shall give him a great reward” (Quran, 4:114) Part of that great reward is relief from worry, distress, troubles, etc.
3. Another of the means of warding off anxiety that stems from nervous tension and being preoccupied with disturbing thoughts is to occupy oneself with good deeds or seeking beneficial knowledge, for that will distract one from dwelling on the matters that are causing anxiety. In this way a person may forget about the things that are making him worried and distressed, and he may become happy and more energetic. This is another means that believers and others have in common, but the believer is distinguished by his faith, sincerity and hope of reward when he occupies himself with that knowledge which he is learning or teaching, or with the good deeds that he is doing.The work with which he occupies himself should be something that he likes and enjoys, for that is more likely to produce the desired results. And Allah knows best.
4. Another thing that may ward off worry and anxiety is focusing all one’s thoughts of the present day, and not worrying about the future or grieving about the past. Hence the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sought refuge with Allah from worry and regret, from regret for things in the past which one cannot put right or change, and worry which may come because of fear for the future. So one should focus only on the present day, and focus one’s efforts on getting things right today. For if a person is focused on that, this means that he will do things properly and forget about worry and regret.When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said a du’aa’ or taught a du’aa’ to his Ummah, as well as urging them to seek the help of Allah and hope for His bounty, he was also urging them to strive to attain the thing they were praying for through their own efforts and to forget about the thing which they were praying would be warded off from them. Because du’aa’ (supplication) must be accompanied by action. So a person must strive to attain that which will benefit him in worldly and spiritual terms, and ask his Lord to make his efforts successful, and he should seek His help in that, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

   “Strive for that which will benefit you and seek the help of Allah, and do not be helpless. If anything (bad) happens to you, do not say, ‘If only I had done such-and-such, then such-and-such would have happened.’ Rather you should say, ‘Qaddara Allah wa ma sha’a fa’ala (Allah decrees, and what He wills He does),’ for (the words) ‘If only’ open the door to the Shaytaan.” (Narrated by Muslim).

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) connected the matter of striving to achieve good things with the matter of seeking the help of Allah and not giving in to feelings of helplessness which are a harmful kind of laziness, and with the matter of accepting things in the past which are over and done with, and acknowledging that the will and decree of Allah will inevitably come to pass. He described matters as being of two types:

1. Matters which a person may strive to achieve or to achieve whatever he can of them, or to ward them off or alleviate them. In such cases a person must strive and make the effort, and also seek the help of Allah.
2. Matters where such is not possible, so he must have peace of mind, accept them and submit to Allah’s will. Undoubtedly paying attention to this principle will bring happiness and relieve worry and distress.
3. One of the greatest means of feeling content and relaxed and of acquiring peace of mind is to remember Allah a great deal (dhikr). That has a great effect in bringing contentment and peace of mind, and relieving worry and distress. Allah says: “Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest” (Quran, 13:28)Remembering Allah (dhikr) has a great effect in achieving this aim because it has a special influence and because of the hope that it brings of reward.
4. Another of the means of bringing happiness and relieving worry and distress is striving to eliminate the things that cause worry and to achieve the things that bring happiness. That may be done by forgetting about bad things in the past which cannot be changed, and realizing that dwelling on them is a waste of time. So a person must strive to stop himself from thinking of that, and also strive to stop himself from feeling anxious about the future and the things that he may imagine of poverty, fear and other bad things that he thinks may happen to him in the future. He should realize that the future is something unknown, he cannot know what good or bad things are going to happen to him. That is in the hand of the Almighty, the Most Wise, and all that His slaves can do is to strive to attain the good things and to ward off the bad things. A person should realize that if he diverts his thoughts from worrying about his future and puts his trust in his Lord to take care of his situation, and puts his mind at rest concerning that, if he does that, then his heart will be at peace and his situation will improve and he will be relieved of worry and anxiety.One of the most effective ways of dealing with worries about the future is to recite this du’aa’ which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to recite:

   “Allaahumma aslih li deeni alladhi huwa ‘ismatu amri, wa aslih li dunyaaya allati fiha ma’aashi, wa aslih li aakhirati allati ilayha ma’aadi, waj’al al-hayaata ziyaadatan li fi kulli khayr, wa’l-mawta raahatan li min kulli sharr (O Allah, correct my religious commitment which is the foundation of my life, and correct my worldly affairs in which is my livelihood, and grant me good in the Hereafter to which is my return. Make my life a means of accumulating good, and make death a respite for me from all evil).” (Narrated by Muslim, 2720)

   And he said, “Allaahumma rahmataka arju fa la takilni ila nafsi tarfata ‘aynin wa aslih li sha’ni kullahu, laa ilaaha illa anta (O Allah, for Your mercy I hope, so do not abandon me to myself even for a moment. And correct all my affairs. There is no god but You).” (Narrated by Abu Dawood with a saheeh isnaad, no. 5090; classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Kalim al-Tayyib, p. 49)

   If a person utters these du’aa’s, which ask that his spiritual and worldly affairs may be set right or corrected, with proper presence of mind and sincerity of intention, whilst striving to achieve that, Allah will grant him what he has prayed for, hoped for and striven for, and He will turn his worry into joy and happiness.

5. If a person experiences anxiety and distress because of a disaster, then one of the most effective means of relieving himself of that is to think of the worst scenario to which that may lead, and try to accept that. When he has done that, then he should try to alleviate it as much as possible. By means of this acceptance and these efforts, he will relieve himself of his worries and distress, and instead of worrying he will strive to bring about good things and to deal with whatever he can of the bad things. If he is faced with things that cause fear or the possibility of sickness or poverty, then he should deal with that by striving to make himself accept that, or something even worse, with contentment, because by making himself accept the worst-case scenario, he lessens the impact of the thing and makes it seem less terrible, especially if he occupies himself with efforts to ward it off as much as he can. Thus as well as striving to achieve something good which will distract him from his worries about calamity, he will also renew his strength to resist bad things, and put his trust and reliance in Allah. Undoubtedly these matters are of great benefit in attaining happiness and peace of mind, as well as bringing the hope of reward in this world and in the Hereafter. This is something which is well known from the experience of many who have tried it.
6. Steadfastness of heart and not being disturbed about the imaginary things that bad thoughts may bring to mind. For when a person gives in to his imagination and lets his mind be disturbed by these thoughts, such as fear of disease and the like, or anger and confusion stirred up by some grievous matter, or the expectation of bad things and the loss of good things, that will fill him with worries, distress, mental and physical illness and nervous breakdowns, which will have a bad effect on him and which causes a great deal of harm, as many people have seen. But when a person depends on Allah and puts his trust in Him, and does not give in to his imagination or let bad thoughts overwhelm him, and he relies on Allah and has hope of His bounty, that wards off his worries and distress, and relieves him of a great deal of mental and physical sickness. It gives indescribable strength, comfort and happiness to the heart. How many hospitals are filled with the mentally sick victims of illusions and harmful imagination; how often have these things had an effect upon the hearts of many strong people, let alone the weak ones; how often have they led to foolishness and insanity.

It should be noted that your life will follow your train of thought. If your thoughts are of things that will bring you benefit in your spiritual or worldly affairs, then your life will be good and happy. Otherwise it will be the opposite.

The person who is safe from all of that is the one who is protected by Allah and helped by Him to strive to achieve that which will benefit and strengthen the heart and ward off anxiety. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And whosoever puts his trust in Allah, then He will suffice him” (Quran, 65:3)

i.e., He will be sufficient for all that is worrying him in his spiritual and worldly affairs. The one who puts his trust in Allah will have strength in his heart and will not be affected by anything he imagines or be disturbed by events, because he knows that these are the result of vulnerable human nature and of weakness and fear that have no basis. He also knows that Allah has guaranteed complete sufficiency to those who put their trust in Him. So he trusts in Allah and finds peace of mind in His promise, and thus his worry and anxiety are dispelled; hardship is turned to ease, sadness is turned to joy, fear is turned to peace. We ask Allah to keep us safe and sound, and to bless us with strength and steadfastness of heart, and complete trust, for Allah has guaranteed all good things to those who put their trust in Him, and has guaranteed to ward off all bad and harmful things from them.

If bad things happen or there is the fear of such, then you should count the many blessings that you are still enjoying, both spiritual and worldly, and compare them with the bad things that have happened, for when you compare them you will see the many blessings that you are enjoying, and this will make the bad things appear less serious.

See al-Wasaa’il al-Mufeedah li’l-Hayaat al-Sa’eedah by Shatkh ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn Sa’di

Ibn al-Qayyim summed fifteen ways through which Allah may dispel worries and regret. These are as follows:

1. Tawheed al-Ruboobiyyah (belief in the Oneness of Divine Lordship)
2. Tawheed al-Uloohiyyah (belief in the Oneness of the Divine nature)
3. Tawheed of knowledge and belief (i.e., Tawheed al-Asma’ wa’l_Sifaat, belief in the Oneness of the Divine names and attributes)
4. Thinking of Allah as being above doing any injustice to His slaves, and above punishing anyone for no cause on the part of the slave that would require such punishment.
5. The person’s acknowledging that he is the one who has done wrong.
6. Beseeching Allah by means of the things that are most beloved to Him, which are His names and attributes. Two of His names that encompass the meanings of all other names and attributes are al-Hayy (the Ever-Living) and al-Qayyoom (the Eternal).
7. Seeking the help of Allah Alone.
8. Affirming one’s hope in Him.
9. Truly putting one’s trust in Him and leaving matters to Him, acknowledging that one’s forelock is in His hand and that He does as He wills, that His will is forever executed and that He is just in all that He decrees.
10. Letting one’s heart wander in the garden of the Qur’aan, seeking consolation in it from every calamity, seeking healing in it from all diseases of the heart, so that it will bring comfort to his grief and healing for his worries and distress.
11. Seeking forgiveness.
12. Repentance.
13. Jihad.
14. Salah (prayer).
15. Declaring that he has no power and no strength, and leaving matters to the One in Whose hand they are.

We ask Allah to keep us safe and sound from worries and to relieve us of distress and anxiety, for He is the All-Hearing, Ever-Responsive, and He is the Ever-Living, Eternal. And Allah knows best. May Allah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.

Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid

Makna I’tikaf

Menurut bahasa i’tikaf memiliki arti menetapi sesuatu & menahan diri agar senantiasa tetap berada padanya, baik hal itu berupa kebajikan ataupun keburukan.

Allah subhanahu wata’ala berfirman, artinya,

“Dan Kami seberangkan Bani Israil ke seberang lautan itu, maka setelah mereka sampai kpd sesuatu kaum yg beri’tikaf (menyembah) berhala mereka.” (Al Qur’an Surat: al-A’raf:138)

Sedangkan menurut syara’ i’tikaf berarti menetapnya seorang muslim di dalam masjid utk melaksanakan ketaatan & ibadah kpd Allah Ta’ala.

Hukum I’tikaf

Para ulama sepakat bahwa iktikaf hukumnya sunnah, sebab Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam senantiasa melakukannya tiap tahun utk mendekatkan diri kpd Allah subhanahu wata’ala & memohon pahala-Nya. Terutama pd hari-hari di bulan Ramadhan & lbh khusus ketika memasuki sepuluh hari terkahir pd bulan suci itu. Demikian tuntunan yg diajarkan Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam.

Yang Wajib Beriktikaf

Sebagaimana dimaklumi bahwa i’tikaf hukumnya adl sunnah, kecuali jika seseorang bernadzar utk melakukannya, maka wajib baginya utk menunaikan nadzar tersebut. Hal ini sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam hadits Umar bin Khaththab radhiyallahu ‘anhu yg diriwayatkan imam al-Bukhari & Muslim.

Disebutkan bahwa Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam tdk pernah meninggalkan i’tikaf semenjak beliau tinggal di Madinah hingga akhir hayat.

Tempat I’tikaf

I’tikaf tempatnya di setiap masjid yg di dalamnya dilaksanakan shalat berjama’ah kaum laki-laki, firman Allah Ta’ala, artinya,

“Kemudian sempurnakanlah puasa itu sampai malam,(tetapi) janganlah kamu campuri mereka itu, sedang kamu beri’tikaf dalam masjid.” (Al Qur’an Surat: al- Baqarah:187)

Orang yg beri’tikaf pd hari Jum’at disunnahkan utk beri’tikaf di masjid yg digunakan utk shalat Jum’at. Tetapi jika ia beri’tikaf di masjid yg hanya utk shalat jama’ah 5 waktu saja, maka hendaknya ia keluar hanya sekedar utk shalat Jum’at (jika telah tiba waktunya), kemudian kembali lagi ke tempat iktikafnya semula.

Waktu I’tikaf

I’tikaf disunnahkan kapan saja di sembarang waktu. Maka diperboleh kan bagi setiap muslim utk memilih waktu kapan ia memulai iktikaf & kapan mengakhirinya. Akan tetapi yg paling utama adl i’tikaf di bulan suci Ramadhan, khususnya sepuluh hari terakhir. Inilah waktu i’tikaf yg terbaik sebagaimana diriwayatkan dalam sebuah hadits shahih, artinya,

“Bahwasanya Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam selalu beri’tikaf pd sepuluh hari terakhir bulan Ramadhan sampai Allah mewafatkannya. Kemudian para istri beliau beri’tikaf sepeninggal beliau.” (HR.al-Bukhari & Muslim dari A’isyah radhiyallahu ‘anha)

Hal-Hal yg Membolehkan Mu’takif Keluar dari Masjid

Seorang mu’takif diperbolehkan meninggalkan tempat i’tikafnya jika memang ada hal-hal yg sangat mendesak. Di antaranya adl buang hajat yaitu keluar ke WC utk buang air, utk mandi, keluar utk makan & minum jika tdk ada yg mengantarkan makanan kepadanya, & pergi utk berobat jika sakit. Demikian pula utk keperluan syar’i seperti shalat Jum’at, jika tempat ia beriktikaf tdk digunakan utk shalat Jum’at, menjadi saksi atas sesuatu perkara & juga boleh membantu keluarganya yg sakit, jika memang mengharuskan utk dibantu. Juga keperluan-keperluan semisalnya yg memang termasuk kategori dharuri (keharusan).

Hikmah & Manfaat i’tikaf

I’tikaf memiliki hikmah yg sangat besar yakni menghidupkan sunnah Rasul shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam & menghidupkan hati dgn selalu melaksanakan ketaatan & ibadah kpd Allah Ta’ala.

Sedangkan manfaat i’tikaf di antaranya:

1. Untuk merenungi masa lalu & memikirkan hal-hal yg akan dilakukan di hari esok.
2. Mendatangkan ketenangan, ketentraman & cahaya yg menerangi hati yg penuh dosa.
3. Mendatangkan berbagai macam kebaikan dari Allah subhanahu wata’ala. Amalan-amalan kita akan diangkat dgn rahmat & kasih sayang-Nya
4. Orang yg beri’tikaf pd sepuluh hari terkahir akhir bulan Ramadhan akan terbebas dari dosa-dosa karena pd hari-hari itu salah satunya bertepatan dgn lailatul qadar.

Larangan-Larangan dalam I’tikaf

Orang yg sedang beri’tikaf tdk diperbolehkan keluar dari masjid hanya utk keperluan sepele & tdk penting, artinya tdk bisa dikategorikan sbg keperluan syar’i. Jika ia memaksa keluar utk hal-hal yg tdk perlu tersebut, maka i’tikafnya batal. Selain itu, ia juga dilarang melakukan segala perbuatan haram seperti ghibah (menggunjing), tajassus (mencari-cari kesalahan orang), membaca & memandang hal-hal yg haram. Pendeknya semua perkara haram di luar i’tikaf, maka pd saat i’tikaf lbh ditekankan lagi keharamannya. Mu’takif juga dilarang utk menggauli istrinya, karena hal itu membatalkan i’tikafnya.

Menentukan Syarat dalam I’tikaf

Seorang mu’takif diperbolehkan menentukan syarat sebelum melakukan i’tikaf utk melakukan sesuatu yg mubah. Misalnya saja ia menetapkan syarat agar makan minum harus di rumahnya, hal ini tdk apa-apa. Lain halnya jika ia pulang dgn tujuan menggauli istrinya, keluar masjid agar bisa santai atau mengurusi pekerjaannya, maka i’tikafnya menjadi batal. Karena semua itu bertentangan dgn makna & pengertian i’tikaf itu sendiri.

Sunnah-Sunnah bagi Orang yg Sedang I’tikaf

Disunnahkan bagi para mu’takif supaya memanfaatkan waktu yg ada dgn sebaik-baiknya utk berdzikir, membaca al-Qur’an, mengerjakan shalat sunnah, terkecuali pd waktu-waktu terlarang, serta memperbanyak tafakur tentang keadaannya yg telah lalu, hari ini & masa mendatang. Juga byk -banyak merenungkan tentang hakikat hidup di dunia ini & kehidupan akhirat kelak.

Hal-Hal yg harus Dihindari Mu’takif

Orang yg sedang i’tikaf dianjurkan utk menghindari hal-hal yg tdk bermanfaat seperti byk bercanda, mengobrol yg tdk berguna sehingga mengganggu konsentrasi i’tikafnya. Karena i’tikaf adl bertujuan utk mendapatkan keutamaan bukan malah menyibukkan diri dgn hal-hal yg tdk disunnahkan.

Ada sebagian orang yg beri’tikaf, namun dgn meninggalkan tugas & kewajibannya. Hal ini tdk dpt dibenarkan karena sungguh tdk proporsional seseorang meninggalkan kewajiban utk sesuatu yg sunnah. Oleh karena itu, orang yg i’tikaf hendaknya ia menghentikan i’tikafnya, jika memiliki tanggungan atau kewajiban yg harus dikerjakan.

[Oleh Syaikh Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman al-Jibrin. Dari http://www.alsofwah.or.id]

Pertama-tama kita mulai pembicaraan ini dari poin nikmatnya keturunan. Anak-anak merupakan hiasan kehidupan dunia sebagaimana difirmankan oleh Allah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam dalam Al Qur’an:

 الماَلُ وَالْبَنُوْنَ زِيْنَةُ الْحَياَةُ الدُّنْياَ 

“Harta & anak-anak adl perhiasan kehidupan dunia.” (Al Qur’an Surat: 18: 46)

Mereka merupakan penyejuk hati & penenang jiwa bagi para orang tua; ayah & ibu. Oleh karena itu, di antara doa hamba-hamba Allah yg mukhlis adalah

 رَبَّناَ هَبْ لَناَ مِنْ أَزْواَجِناَ وَذُرِّياَّتِناَ قُرَّةَ أَعْيُنٍ 

“Ya Tuhan kami, anugrahkanlah kpd kami pasangan kami & keturunan kami penyenang hati (kami).” (Al Qur’an Surat: 25: 74)

Demi utk memelihara kesalihan hamba & kebaikan negeri; utk mencapai kebaikan bagi mereka di dunia & akhirat; agar anak-anak menjadi keindahan & penyejuk pandangan mata yg menyenangkan, memberi keharuman hidup di dunia, menjadi anak-anak saleh yg istiqimah dalam agama, yg berhias dgn akhlak & budi pekerti, juga berbahagia di dunia & akhirat; utk mendapat semua di atas & segala kebaikan yg menyeluruh, Allah menyuruh kita menjaga keluarga & memelihara anak serta menumbuhkembangkan mereka di atas nilai kebaikan, petunjuk & segala yg mengandung ridha Alahh & RasulNya. Allah menyuruh kita menjaga mereka dari segala yg akan merusak mereka & menyebabkan Allah & RasulNya murka.

Allah memerintahkan hal itu dgn firmanNya:

 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا قُوْا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيْكُمْ ناَراً وَقُوْدُهاَ النَّاسُ وَالْحِجاَرَةُ 

“Wahai orang-orang yg beriman! Peliharalah dirimu & keluargamu dari api neraka yg bagan bakarnya adl manusia & batu..” (Al Qur’an Surat: 66: 6)

Diriwayatkan dari Abdullah bin Umar bahwa Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda:

“كُلُّكُمْ راَعٍ وكُلُّكُمْ مَسْؤُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ، فَالرَّجُلُ راَعٍ فِيْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَسْؤُوْلٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهٍ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ راَعِيَةٌ فِيْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهاَ وَمَسْؤُوْلَةٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهاَ”

“Semua kamu adl pemimpin & semua kamu bertanggung jawab atas bawahannya. Seorang laki-laki menjadi pemimpin di ruamahnya & bertanggung jawab atas anggota keluarganya. Seorang wanita (istri) harus menjaga rumah suaminya & bertanggung jawab atas segala yg ada di dalamnya.” Dalam riwayat Imam Muslim dikatakan, “Wanita pemelihara rumah suama & anak-anaknya. Ia bertanggung jawab atas mereka.”
(Hadis Riwayat: Bukhari & Muslim)

Tarbiyah yg baik yg diperintahkan oleh Allah utk kita terapkan dalam membina keluarga menyimpan byk keberkahan & manfaat nyata yg kebaikannya kembali kpd anak-anak, keluarga & semua masyarakat; baik di dunia maupun di akhirat. Pengaruhnya nyang baik di dunia utk kesalehan & kemaslahatan hamba serta kemakmuran negeri sudah jelas. Sementara kebaikan yg akan didapat di akhirat terletak pd akan terabadikannya kebaikan yg mengalir pd catatan amal orang tua sbg pendidik.

Kebaikan mereka akan terus bertambah dgn hasil tarbiyah tersebut. Dengan melakukan tarbiyah, mereka akan meningkat derajatnya di sisi Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala Kemudian, manfaat yg disebutkan tadi akan saling take and give dalam memberi manfaat antara bapak, Ibu & nenek moyang dgn anak-cucu-keturunan. Maksudnya, orang tua (bapak & ibu) mendapat manfaat dari perbuatan baik anak-anak mereka. Demikian pula anak, cucu & keturunan akan mendapat manfaat dari kesalehan orang tua.

Tentang manfaat orang tua terhadap anak-cucu ditegaskan oleh Alah dalam firmanNya:

 وَكاَنَ أَبُوْهُماَ صاَلِحاً 

“dan ayah mereka berdua adl orang saleh.” (Al Qur’an Surat: 18: 82)

Ayat ini menunjukkan bahwa seseorang dpt menjaga keturunannya di dunia berkat ketekunan ibadahnya dgn penjagaan Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala terhadap mereka, & di akhirat nanti dgn peningkatan derajat di surga. Untuk kesejukan pandangan mata seseorang dgn keberadaan mereka & sbg penghargaan terhadap para orang tua yg shalih, Allah akan mengumpulkan para orang tua & anak-anak mereka di tempat penuh rahmat & negeri kemuliaan, yaitu surga, sebagaimana firman Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala:

 وَالَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيْمَانٍ أَلْحَقْناَ بِهِمْ ذُرَّيَّتَهُمْ وَماَ أَلَتْناَهُمْ مِنْ عَمَلَهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ 

“dan orang-orang yg beriman beserta anak cucu mereka yg mengikuti mereka dalam keimanan, Kami pertemukan mereka dgn anak cucu mereka (di dalam surga), & Kami tdk mengurangi sedikit pun pahala amal (kebajikan) mereka.” (Al Qur’an Surat: 52: 21)

Tentang manfaat anak keturunan bagi orang tua, telah diriwayatkan dari Abu Hurairah bahwa Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda:

“إذاَ ماَتَ الإنْساَنُ انْقََطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إلاَّ مِنْ ثَلاَثٍ: صَدَقَةٍ جاَرِيَةٍ اَوْ عَلْمٍ نُنْتَفُ بِهِ أوْ وَلَدٍ صاَلِحٍ يَدْعُوْ لَهُ”

“Apabila seorang manusia meninggal dunia maka nilai pahala dari seluruh amalnya terputus, kecuali dari 3 perkara: sedekah jariah, ilmu yg bermanfaat & anah saleh yg mendo’akan.” (Hadis Riwayat: Muslim)

Tentang saling memeberi manfaat antara anak & orang tua difirmankan oleh Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala dalam al Qur’an:

 وَالَّذِيْنَ صَبَرُوْا ابْتِغاَءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَقاَمُوْا الصَّلاَةَ وَأَنْفَقَوْا مِماَّ رَزَقْناَهُمْ سِرّاً وَعَلاَنِيَةً وَيَدْرَؤُوْنَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عُقْبىَ الدَّارِ، جَناَّتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُوْنَهاَ وَمَنْ صَلَحَ مِنْ آباَئِهِمْ وَأَزْواَجِهِمْ وَذُرِّياَّتِهِمْ وَالْمَلاَئِكَةُ يَدْخُلُوْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ باَبٍ، سَلاَمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ بِماَ صَبَرْتُمْ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبىَ الداَّرِ 

“Dan orang-orang yg sabar karena mengharap keridhaan Tuhannya, melaksanakan shalat, & menginfakkan sebagian harta yg Kami berikan kpd mereka secara sembunyi atau terang-terangnan serta menolak kejahatan dgn kebaikan. Orang itulah yg mendapat tempat kesudahan (yang baik), yaitu surga-surga ‘Adn. Mereka masuk ke dalamnya beserta orang-orang saleh dari nenek moyngnya, pasangan-pasangannya, & anak sucunya. Sedang para malaikat masuk ke tempat-tempat mereka dari semua pintu. (simbul mengucapkan) “Selamat sejahtera atasmu karena kesabaranmu.” Maka alangkah nikmatnya tempat kesudahan itu.”

Dalam ayat ini terkandung kabar gembira yg akan menambahkan kesenangan & kebahagiaan bagi orang yg taat kpd orang tua. Karena, apabila Allah awt. memberi kabar gembira kpd seorang muslim mukallaf bahwa ketika ia masuk surga, semua keluarganya akan hadir bersamanya maka akan semakin besar kesenangannya & bertambah kebahagiaanya.

Islam tdk membedakan antara laki-laki & perempuan dalam pendidikan & memberi kebaikan kpd mereka. Sebaliknya Islam memberi kesamaan & keadilan dalam memberi pahala besar terhadap mereka.

Oleh karena pentingnya keturunan yg saleh bagi orang tua; ayah & ibu maka hal itu menjadi keinginan & permohonan para nabi, sebagaimana permohonan Nabi Ibrahim as dgn ungkapannya:

 رَبِّ هَبْ لِيْ مِنَ الصاَّلِحِيْنَ 

“Ya Tuhanku, anugerahkan kepadaku (serang anak) yg termasuk orang-orang yg saleh.” (Al Qur’an Surat: 37: 100)

Demikian pula Nabi Zakaria memohon kpd dgn ungkapannya:

 رَبِّ هَبْ لِيْ مِنْ لَدُنْكَ ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً إِنَّكَ سَمِيْعُ الدُّعاَءِ 

“Ya Tuhanku, berilah aku keturunan yg baik dari sisiMu. Sesungguhnya Engkau maha mendengar do’a.” (Al Qur’an Surat: 3: 38)

Semua nabi & selain mereka yg disebutkan dalam al Qur’an memohon kpd Allah agar anak cucu mereka dijadikan keturunan yg baik & saleh.

Berdo’a merupakan sebab yg paling penting & besar manfaatnya. Orang yg dimudahkan utk berdo’a maka sesungguhnya telah dibuka pintu kebaikan yg besar baginya. Allah tdk akan menolak orang-orang memohon kepadaNya. Dalam hal ini, Umar berkata: “Sungguh aku tdk memikirkan dikabulkannya do’a. Akan tetapi, yg menjadi perhatianku adl pentingnya berdo’a.” Maksudnya, apabila Allah memberi taufiq kepadaku utk berdo’a maka aku yakin bahwa Allah akan mengabulkan do’aku.

Ungkapan di atas termasuk masalah percaya kpd Allah, tentram dgn jaminanNya & berbaik sangka kepadaNya, sebagaimana Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam menyuruh kita utk berbaik sangka kpd Allah dalam sabdanya:

“لاَ يَمُوْتَنَّ أحَدُكُمْ إلاَّ وَهُوَ يُحْسِنُ الظَّنَّ باللهِ”

“Seseorang di antara kamu tdk boleh mati kecuali bersikap baik sangka kpd Allah.” (Hadis Riwayat: Muslim)

Ditulis oleh Muhammad bin Ali al Arfaj

Assalamu’alikum wr. wb.

Pak Ustadz, isteri saya lagi hamil 9 bulan, bagaimana caranya kita membayar fidyah? Setiap hari atau bisa sekaligus? Berapa yg kita bayarkan, seharga makan sehari atau makan sekali? Terima kasih atas bantuannya.

Wasalammu alaikum wr. wb.

Jawaban

Assalamu ‘alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh

Membayar fidyah memang ditetapkan berdasarkan jumlah hari yg ditinggalkan utk berpuasa. Setiap satu hari seseorang meninggalkan puasa, maka dia wajib membayar fidyah kpd satu orang fakir miskin.

Sedangkan teknis pelaksanaannya, apakah mau perhari atau mau sekaligus sebulan, kembali kpd keluasan masing-masing orang. Kalau seseorang nyaman memberi fidyah tiap hari, silahkan dilakukan. Sebaliknya, bila lbh nyaman utk diberikan sekaligus utk puasa satu bulan, silah saja.

Yang penting jumlah takarannya tdk kurang dari yg telah ditetapkan.

Berapakah Besar Fidyah?

Sebagian ulama seperti Imam As-Syafi’i & Imam Malik menetapkan bahwa ukuran fidyah yg harus dibayarkan kpd setiap satu orang fakir miskin adl satu mud gandum sesuai dgn ukuran mud Nabi SAW. Yang dimaksud dgn mud adl telapak tangan yg ditengadahkan ke atas utk menampung makanan, kira-kira mirip orang berdoa.

Sebagian lagi seperti Abu Hanifah mengatakan 2 mud gandum dgn ukuran mud Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam atau setara dgn setengah sha’ kurma atau tepung. Atau juga bisa disetarakan dgn memberi makan siang & makan malam hingga kenyang kpd satu orang miskin.

Dalam kitab Al-Fiqhul Islami Wa Adillatuhu oleh Dr. Wahbah Az-Zuhaili jilid 1 halaman 143 disebutkan bahwa bila diukur dgn ukuran zaman sekarang ini, satu mud itu setara dgn 675 gram atau 0,688 liter. Sedangkan 1 sha` setara dgn 4 mud. Bila ditimbang, 1 sha` itu beratnya kira-kira 2.176 gram. Bila diukur volumenya, 1 sha` setara dgn 2,75 liter.

Siapa Saja yg Harus Bayar Fidyah?

Orang yg sakit & secara umum ditetapkan sulit utk sembuh lagi.

Orang tua atau lemah yg sudah tdk kuat lagi berpuasa.

Wanita yg hamil & menyusui apabila ketika tdk puasa mengakhawatirkan anak yg dikandung atau disusuinya itu. Mereka itu wajib membayar fidyah saja menurut sebagian ulama, namun menurut Al-Imam Asy-Syafi’i selain wajib membayar fidyah juga wajib mengqadha’ puasanya. Sedangkan menurut pendapat lain, tdk membayar fidyah tetapi cukup mengqadha’.

Orang yg menunda kewajiban mengqadha’ puasa Ramadhan tanpa uzur syar’i hingga Ramadhan tahun berikutnya telah menjelang. Mereka wajib mengqadha’nya sekaligus membayar fidyah, menurut sebagian ulama.

Wallahu a’lam bishshawab, wassalamu ‘alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

Penulis: Ahmad Sarwat, Lc

Assalamu ‘Alaikum wr. wb.

Mohon penjelasan pak Ustadz. Pada bulan Ramadhan kemarin isteri saya tdk berpuasa karena sedang hamil. Bagaimana caranya utk membayar hutang puasa isteri saya, berapa besarnya & sampai kapan batas waktunya. Terima kasih.

Wassalamu ‘Alaikum wr. wb.

Jawaban

Assalamu `alaikum Wr. Wb.

Hutang puasa karena hamil itu bisa diganti dgn cara qadha’, bayar fidyah atau keduanya. Pilihannya memang berbeda antara satu ulama dgn ulama lain. Ada yg mengatakan cukup diganti dgn puasa saja. Juga ada yg mengatakan cukup diganti dgn membayar fidyah. Bahkan ada juga yg mengatakan harus diganti dgn qadha’ puasa & bayar fidyah sekaligus.

Mereka yg mengatakan bahwa penggantiannya cukup dgn puasa qadha’, berangkat dari kesimpulan bahwa seorang wanita hamil itu sama kasusnya dgn orang sakit. Sebagaimana kita tahu, bahwa seorang yg sakit boleh tdk puasa. Dan sbg gantinya, harus berpuasa qadha’ sebanyak jumlah hari yg ditinggalkannya itu. Sebagaimana firman Allah SWT:
Maka barangsiapa diantara kamu ada yg sakit atau dalam perjalanan, maka sebanyak hari yg ditinggalkan itu pd hari-hari yg lain. Dan wajib bagi orang-orang yg berat menjalankannya membayar fidyah, memberi makan seorang miskin. Barangsiapa yg dgn kerelaan hati mengerjakan kebajikan, maka itulah yg lbh baik baginya. Dan berpuasa lbh baik bagimu jika kamu mengetahui. (Al Qur’an Surat: Al-Baqarah: 184)

Namun sebagian ulama lainnya mengatakan bahwa wanita yg hamil itu lbh dekat seperti keadaan orang yg sudah tua & tdk mampu puasa. Dalam kasus ini, orang tersebut tdk perlu mengganti dgn puasa qadha’, melainkan cukup hanya dgn membayar fidyah. Yaitu memberi makan fakir miskin. Maka wanita hamil boleh tdk puasa & cukup membayar dgn fidyah saja.

Ukurannya sebesar satu atau 2 mud sesuai dgn ukuran mud Nabi SAW. Bila dikira-kira, ukurannya sebanyak 3,5 liter beras atau 2,5 kg & diberikan kpd fakir miskin. Satu hari tdk puasa dibayar dgn satu/dua mud fidyah.

Sedangkan As-Syafi’i berpendapat bahwa wanita hamil yg tdk puasa harus membayar dgn qadha’ puasa sekaligus juga dgn membayar fidyah. Pendapat Asy-Syafi’i ini barangkali berat, namun lbh nampaknya beliau mencari titik aman, karena sebaiknya tdk berspekulasi dalam ibadah.

Wallahu a’lam bis-shawab. Penulis: Ahmad Sarwat, Lc

KEPUTUSAN FATWA MUSYAWARAH KOMISI FATWA MUI KOTA BANDUNG
Nomor: 291/MUI-KB/E.1/VII
Tentang HUKUM BISNIS NETWORK MARKETING / MLM

بسم الله الرحمن الر حيم
Musyawarah Komisi Fatwa MUI Kota Bandung yg membahas tentang Hukum Bisnis MLM, setelah

Menimbang:

1. Bahwa semakin byk berbagai macam produk sesuatu perusahaan yg diperjual-belikan kpd masyarakat dgn sistem MLM.
2. Bahwa oleh karena itu, MUI Kota Bandung memandang perlu menetapkan fatwa tentang hukum masalah dimaksud.

Memperhatikan:

1. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan dari umat tentang status hukum bisnis MLM.
2. Pendapat & saran-saran para Ulama peserta musyawarah.

Mengingat:

1. Deskripsi Masalah sbg berikut:Secara sederhana, bahwa dalam memasarkan sesuatu produk dari sesuatu perusahaan ada 2 macam cara:
   1. Yang sudah umum berlaku, disebut cara konvensional.Yaitu sampainya sesuatu produk kpd konsumen setelah melalui setidaknya 4 (empat) tahap berikut: dari pabrik kpd distributor, kemudian kpd agen, kemudian kpd grosir, lalu kpd pengecer/toko & baru kpd konsumen. Bila harga dari pabrik Rp. 100.000 maka sesudah sampai kpd konsumen bisa menjadi Rp. 200.000 atau lebih, karena byk menyerap biaya, seperti biaya produksi, biaya promosi & biaya lainnya.
   2. MLM (Multy Level Marketing) atau sistem pemasaran berjenjang (Network Marketing)Di sistem ini seorang konsumen harus mampu merekrut konsumen (jaringan) dibawahnya disebut frontline (jaringan/kaki pertama) & downline atau upline (jaringan/kaki kedua & seterusnya) & ia akan menerima keuntungan (prosentase) dari setiap pembelanjaan downline tersebut. Semakin byk jaringan (downline) maka semakin besar pula keuntungan yg akan diterima olehnya. Bila mampu mencapai titik tertentu sesuai persyaratan, ia akan menduduki sesuatu posisi & akan menerima bonus yg telah ditentukan. Cara ini memutus tahapan diatas, yakni dari pabrik langsung kpd konsumen yg sekaligus bisa menjadi distributor. Mengenai harga, tetap seperti diatas hanya kelebihan harga pabrik tersebut menjadi keuntungan distributor.Pada kenyataannya ada 3 macam bentuk yg berkaitan dgn bisnis MLM:
      1. MLM yg tdk menjual produk, biasa disebut money game (permainan uang). Contoh: Pihak MLM menawarkan sebuah sepeda motor merk x hanya dgn menyetor uang Rp. 2.000.000 dgn syarat harus bisa menjaring sebanyak sepuluh orang yg masing-masing harus menyetorkan uang sebesar Rp. 2.000.000 pula. la akan menerima sepeda motor tersebut setelah mampu menjaring sepuluh orang, & bila tidak, maka uang tersebut hangus. Demikian seterusnya.
      2. Perusahaan MLM, ialah sesuatu perusahaan yg menjual produk orang lain dgn sistern MLM, yakni ia membeli sesuatu produk dari pabrik kemudian memasarkannya dgn sistem MLM. Perusahaan MLM ini kadang-kadang mengakibatkan harga menjadi tdk wajar (diatas harga pasar) & kadang-kadang kabur entah kemana, sehingga byk yg tdk pernah menerima bonus yg dijanjikan & jaringan yg paling bawah tdk bisa mengembangkan lagi jaringan.
      3. Perusahaan yg memasarkan produknya dgn sistem Penjualan Berjenjang (Network Marketing).
         Adalah sebuah perusahaan yg menjual produknya dgn sistem berjenjang, sehingga setiap konsumen di perusahaan tersebut adl juga seorang distributor. Dimana akan mendapatkan keuntungan sesuai dgn jumlah jaringan & omzet yg dicapai sesuai dgn sistem marketing yg disetujui sejak awal. Dengan harga produk yg cukup wajar.
2. Prinsip Mu’amalat Islami Hukum Islam adl hukum yg berorientasi kemaslahatan sebesar-besarnya bagi kehidupan manusia, baik individu maupun masyarakat (mashalih al-‘ammah). Orientasi ini menjadi pertimbangan mendasar bagi setiap mu’amalat yg terjadi, baik bagi yg sudah ada, maupun bagi yg baru muncul yg byk direspon oleh masyarakat seperti Network Marketing / MLM.Mu’amalat Islami adl HALAL selama dibangun di atas prinsip-prinsip berikut:
   1. Tabadul al-manafi’ (tukar-menukar barang yg bernilai manfa’at);
   2. ‘An taradlin (kerelaan dari kedua pihak yg bertransaksi dgn tdk ada paksaan);
   3. ‘Adamu al-gharar (tidak berspekulasi yg tdk jelas / tdk transparan),
   4. ‘Adamu Maysyir (tidak ada untung-untungan atau judi seperti ba ‘i al-hashat yi: melempar barang dgn batu kerikil & yg terkena lemparan itu harus dibeli, atau seperti membeli tanah seluas lemparan kerikil dgn harga yg telah disepakati, & ba ‘i al-lams yi: barang yg sudah disentuh harus dibeli),
   5. ‘Adamu Riba (tidak ada sistem bunga-berbunga),
   6. ‘Adamu al-gasysy (tidak ada tipu muslihat), seperti al-tathfif (curang dalam menimbang atau menakar),
   7. ‘Adamu al-najasy (tidak melakukan najasy yaitu menawar barang hanya sekedar utk mempengaruhi calon pembeli lain sehingga harganya menjadi tinggi),
   8. Ta ‘awun ‘ala al-birr wa al-taqwa (tolong menolong dalam kebaikan & taqwa),
   9. Musyarakah (kerja sama).
3. Prinsip (rukun) jual beli
   1. Ba ‘i (penjual);
   2. Musytari (pembeli);Syarat bagi penjual & pembeli adl harus shah (layak) melakukan transaksi.
   3. Mabi’ (barang yg diperjual-belikan).Adapun syarat barang yg diperjual-belikan harus ada manfa’atnya, benda suci (bukan benda najis) & halal dikonsumsi & atau dipakai/digunakan.
4. Islam membolehkan membuat persyaratan / perjanjian dalam transaksi apapun yg disepakati oleh semua pihak, seperti dalam bisnis MLM di atas, selama tdk utk menghalalkan yg haram atau sebaliknya.
5. Dalil-dalil sbg berikut:

   Firman Allah swt

   يآيها الذين آمنوا لا تأكلوا أموالكم بينكم بالباطل إلا أن تكون تجارة عن تراض منكم.

   “Hai orang-orang beriman, janganlah kamu memakan harta diantara kamu dgn cara yg batil, kecuali melalui perdagangan yg disertai kerelaan diantara kamu. “

   Q.S. al-Nisa: 29.

   وتعاونوا على البر والتقوى ولا تعاونوا على الإثم والعدوان.

   “Bertolong-menolonglah kamu dalam kebaikan & taqwa, & janganlah bertolong-menolong dalam dosa & permusuhan. ” Q.S. al-Maidah: 2.

   ويل للمطففين. الذين إذا اكتالوا على الناس يستوفون. وإذا كالوهم أو وزنوهم يخسرون.

   “Kecelakaan besarlah bagi orang-orang yg curang, (yaitu) orang-orang yg apabila menerima takaran dari orang lain mereka minta dipenuhi, & apabila mereka menakar atau menimbang utk orang lain, mereka mengurangi. ” Q.S. al-Muthaffifiin: 1-3.

   إنما المؤمنون إخوة فأصلحوا بين أخويكم، واتقوا الله لعلكم ترحمون.

   “Sesungguhnya orang-orang mukmin itu adl saudara, maka rukunlah diantara saudara-saudaramu. Dan bertaqwalah kpd Alllah agar kamu mendapat rahmat.” Q.S. al-Hujurat: 10.

   كى لايكون دولة بين الأغنياء منكم.

   “Agar harta tdk berputar hanya diantara orang-orang kaya saja diantara kamu. ” Q.S. al-Hasyr: 7.

   Sabda Nabi Muhammad saw

   نهى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن بيع الحصاة وعن بيع الغرر.

   “Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam melarang jual-beli dgn cara melemparkan batu kerikil. ” Hadis Riwayat: Lima orang perowi hadits kecuali Bukhary dari Abu Hurairah Ra.

   إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: من حمل علينا السلاح فليس منا، ومن غشنا فليس منا.

   “Sesungguhnya Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda: “Barangsiapa mengangkat senjata kpd kami (umat Islam) maka bukan umat kami, & siapa yg menipu kami maka bukan umat kami ” Hadis Riwayat: Muslim dari Abu Hurairah Ra.

   إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مر على صبرة طعام فأدخل يده فيها فنالت أصابعه بللا، فقال: ما هذا يا صاحب الطعام ؟ قال: أصابته السماء يا رسول الله.قال: أفلا جعلته فوق الطعام حتى يراه الناس.من غشنا فليس منا.

   “Sesungguhnya Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam melewati sekarung makanan (gandum), lalu memasukkan tangannya ke dalam karung tersebut & jari-jemarinya menyentuh yg basah, maka beliau bertanya: “Mengapa hal ini, wahai pemilik makanan? ” “Terkena air hujan, ya Rasulallah!” jawab si pemilik makanan.

   Rasul Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda: “Mengapa tdk kamu simpan yg basah itu di bagian atas agar dilihat orang. Siapa yg menipu kami maka bukan umat kami. ” Hadis Riwayat: Muslim dari Abu Hurairah Ra.

   إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: لا نتاجشوا

   “Sesungguhnya Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam telah bersabda: “Janganlah kamu saling melakukan najasy (menawar barang hanya sekedar utk mempengaruhi calon pembeli lain sehingga harganya menjadi tinggi). ” Hadis Riwayat: Muttafaq ‘alaih dari Abu Hurairah Ra.

   إن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نهى عن النجش.

   “Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallamtelah melarang melakukan najasy.”Hadis Riwayat: Muttafaq ‘alaih dari Ibnu Umar Ra.

   عن جابر ر.ع. أنه سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول عام الفتح وهو بمكة: إن الله ورسوله حرم بيع الخمر والميتة والخنزير والأصنام. فقيل يا رسول الله: أرأيت شحوم الميتة فإنه يطلى بها السفن ويدهن بها الجلود ويستصبح بها الناس ؟ فقال: لا، هو حرام. ثم قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عند ذلك: قاتل الله اليهود إن الله عز وجل لما حرم عليهم شحومها أجملوه ثم باعوه فأكلوا ثمنه.

   “Dari Jabir Ra. ia mendengar Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda di Makkah pd tahun futuh Makkah: “Sesungguhnya Allah & Rasul-Nya telah mengharamkan menjual khamr, bangkai, babi & menjual berhala. Lalu ada yg bertanya: “Ya rasulallah, bagaimana dgn lemak bangkai karena suka dipakai melabur kapal, dipakai meminyaki kulit & dijadikan lampu oleh orang-orang? “

   “Tidak, ia haram. ” Jawab Rasul.

   Kemudian beliau bersabda lagi: “Allah membinasakan Yahudi, karena tatkala Allah ‘Azza wa Jalla mengharamkan lemak bangkai, mereka melakukan rekayasa kemudian menjualnya & memakan hasilnya. ” Hadis Riwayat: Lima orang perowi hadits.

   وفى رواية له، نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن ثمن الكلب ومهر البغي وحلوان الكاهن. وعنه قال: نهى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن ثمن الكلب والِسنّور.

   “Masih dari Jabir Ra.: “Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam melarang makan hasil jual-beli anjing, upah perzinaan & upah berdukun.” Dan di dalam riwayat lainnya: “Nabi Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam melarang hasil jual-beli anjing & binatang sinnaur.” Hadis Riwayat: Lima orang perowi hadits kecuali Bukhary.

   عن أنس ر.ع. قال: لعن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فى الخمر عشرة: عاصرها ومتعصرها وشاربها وحاملها والمحمولة إليه وساقيها وبائعها وآكل ثمنها والمشترى لها والمشترى له.

   “Dari Anas Ra. katanya: “Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallammengutuk sepuluh orang dalam soal khamr: Yang membuatnya, yg menyuruh membuat, yg meminumnya, yg mengangkutnya, yg menyurruh mengangkut, penyalurnya, penjualnya, yg memakan hasil penjualannya, pembelinya & yg membelikannya. ” Hadis Riwayat: Tirmidzy & Abu Daud.

   أنا ثالث الشريكين مالم يخن أحدهما صاحبه، وإذا خان خرجت من بينهما. رواه أبو داود والحاكم وصححه.

   Allah berfirman dalam hadits qudsi: “Aku adl yg ketiga (yang selalu mendampingi) 2 orang yg melakukan kerjasama, selama salah seorang dari keduanya tdk mengkhianati temannya. Apabila ia berkhianat maka Akupun keluar dari keduanya. ” Hadis Riwayat: Abu Daud & al-Hakim, shahih.

   المسلمون على شروطهم. رواه البخارى.

   “Orang-orang Islam itu terikat dgn persyaratan / perjanjian yg mereka buat.” Hadis Riwayat: Bukhary.

   Kaidah Fiqh

   لا ضرر ولا ضرار.

   “Tidak memudaratkan & tdk dimudaratkan (tidak saling memudaratakan). “

   الحكم المعلق بشرط لا يصح إلا بوجود شرطه.

   “Hukum yg dikaitkan dgn sesuatu syarat/perjanjian maka tdk shah kecuali bila syarat tersebut sudah ada. “

MEMUTUSKAN

Dengan senantiasa memohon ridla & taufiq serta bimbingan Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala

Menetapkan:

Pertama:

MLM yg pertama yaitu MLM yg tdk menjual produk disebut money game (permainan uang) hukumnya haram, karena berupa penipuan yg nyata.

Kedua:

MLM yg kedua yaitu perusahaan MLM yg menjual produk perusahaan orang lain hukumnya boleh, hanya calon konsumen (calon anggota MLM tersebut) harus berhati-hati karena harga barang menjadi tdk wajar, & kadang-kadang bisa bangkrut.

Ketiga:

MLM yg ketiga yaitu sesuatu perusahaan yg memasarkan produknya dgn sistem penjualan berjenjang di atas hukumnya shah / halal. Adanya bonus yg dijanjikan, disamakan dgn ju’alah.

Yang perlu diperhatikan:

1. Bagi calon anggota, hendaknya memahami prosedur & peraturan yg berlaku pd MLM;
2. Bagi siapapun hendaknya tdk membeli barang yg tdk diperlukan karena termasuk israf yg dilarang oleh Islam.

Wallaahu A’lam Bis-Shawaab.

MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA KOTA BANDUNG
KH. Maftuh Kholil

Ketua Bidang Fatwa
Daftar Pustaka:

1. Al-Qur-an;

2. Shahih Bukhary;

3. Shahih Muslim;

4. Riyadlus Shalihiin: 547-548;

5. Al-Taj al-Jami’ Li al-Ushul Fi Ahaadiits al-Rasuul, Juz II: 198 & 201;

6. al-Fiqh al-Islami Wa Adillatuh;

7. AI-Asybah Wa al-Nadha-ir;

8. Dan kitab-kitab Fiqh lainnya.

Pertanyaan: Apakah hukumnya darah dari sisi suci & najis?

Jawaban:

Yang nampak dari dalil-dalil sejauh yg kami lihat dalam masalah suci & najisnya darah adl sbg berikut:

1. Darah yg mengalir dari hewan yg yg bangkainya najis, maka ini adl najis sebagaimana yg ditunjukkan oleh ayat al-Qur`an al-Karim.
2. Darah haid, ia adl najis sebagaimana yg dijelaskan oleh hadits Aisyah & Asma` radhiyallahu ‘anhuma.
3. Darah yg mengalir dari manusia: menurut nash-nash yg ada adl wajib mensucikannya kecuali yg susah menghindarinya, seperti darah luka yg terus menerus. Sekalipun bisa ditentang zhahir nash ini dgn penjelasan yg kami singgung saat membicarakan membasuh luka Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, & sesungguhnya bagian tubuh manusia bila terputus ia adl suci menurut pendapat kebanyakan ulama, maka darah lbh utama. Akan tetapi sikap kehati-hatian adl bersuci darinya karena zhahir semua nash & menjauhi syubhat-syubhat yg siapa saja menjauhinya maka ia menjaga agama & kehormatannya.
4. Darah ikan, ia adl suci, karena apabila bangkainya suci hal itu menjadi dalil atas sucinya. Sesungguhnya haramnya bangkai adl karena adanya darah di dalamnya, berdasarkan sabda Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam:قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (مَا أَنْهَرَ الدَّمَ وَذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ فَكُلْ) رواه البخاري ومسلم

   “Sesuatu yg mengalirkan darah & disebut nama Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala atasnya (saat menyembelih) maka makanlah.” [Hadis Riwayat: al-Bukhari 2488 & Muslim 1968]. Maka Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam menjadikan 2 perkara sbg penyebab halalnya, salah satunya, mengalirkan darah & kedua menyebutkan nama Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala.

5. Darah lalat & nyamuk & semisalnya, karena bangkainya suci, sebagaimana disebutkan dalam hadits Abu Hurairah Radhiyallahu ‘anhu. dalam perintah menenggelamkannya apabila jatuh dalam minuman. [Hadis Riwayat: al-Bukhari 3320 & 5782] Di antara minuman adl yg panas yg binatang itu mati di dalamnya. Ini adl dalil sucinya darah berdasarkan penjelasan sebelumnya tentang alasan haramnya bangkai.
6. Darah yg tersisa setelah keluarnya ruh dari hewan yg disembelih, karena ia adl seperti bagian-bagian binatang, & bagian-bagiannya adl halal lagi suci dgn sembelihan yg disyari’atkan. Demikian pula darah, seperti darah jantung, hati & limpa.

Inilah yg nampak bagi kami, & kami memohon kpd Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala agar selalu memberi hidayah kpd kita semua meniti jalan yg lurus, & segala puji bagi Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala Rabb semesta alam.

Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin – Majmu’ Fatawa Wa Rasail (11/266).